Monday, March 18, 2024

Number Of Parkinson’s Patients In The Us

Spatial Analysis Of Smoking Behavior

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Since studies have consistently demonstrated a protective effect of smoking on incident Parkinson disease, we examined the geographic distribution of smoking behavior and Parkinson disease using data from the National Center for Health Care Statistics . Ever smoker rates for those survey respondents aged 65 and above were calculated for each state from the years 2000 to 2006 and compared to mean state Parkinson disease prevalence from 2000 to 2005 using a Spearman correlation analysis.

What Are The Management Options For Canadians Living With Parkinsonism

There is currently no cure for Parkinsons disease and most other parkinsonism cases. However, treatment options are available to help mitigate the symptoms and health impacts associated with these conditions. Most often the primary treatment is pharmacological, but it may also include other therapeutic options and, in the case of Parkinsons disease, surgical interventions. Studies have shown that specially tailored exercise programs, supervised by physiotherapists or other trained professionals, may help affected individuals maintain or improve their physical functionality and general well-being.Footnote 2 Footnote 3 Footnote 4 Footnote 5

Box 1: What’s in the data?

The data used in this publication are from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System , a collaborative network of provincial and territorial chronic disease surveillance systems, led by the Public Health Agency of Canada . The CCDSS identifies chronic disease cases from provincial and territorial administrative health databases, including physician billing claims and hospital discharge abstract records, linked to provincial and territorial health insurance registry records using a unique personal identifier. Data on all residents eligible for provincial or territorial health insurance are captured in the health insurance registries.

Definition of diagnosed parkinsonism, including Parkinsons disease, in the CCDSS

Parkinson’s Prevalence Facts And Stats

Parkinson’s is the fastest growing neurological condition in the world, and currently there is no cure.

1 in 37 people alive today in the UK will be diagnosed with Parkinson’s in their lifetime.

Our estimates show that around 145,000 people live with a Parkinson’s diagnosis in the UK in 2020.

Broken down within the UK, for 2020, that’s:

  • England: 121,000
  • Wales: 7,600
  • Northern Ireland: 3,900

With population growth and ageing, this is likely to increase by a fifth, to around 172,000 people in the UK, by 2030.

Every hour, 2 more people are diagnosed. That’s the same as 18,000 people every year.

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Introduction And Hope For A Cure

An estimated 6 million people globally have been diagnosed with Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no cure . Complicating this illness further are its diverse clinical manifestations. The Parkinsons community comprises individuals who differ in terms of age of onset, symptoms, progression of disease, response to treatment and prognosis. Because of this heterogeneity and how individual life experiences impact patients, their expectations and specific treatment goals also vary. Regardless, all patients share one hope a cure. Until that day, in the words of author Joseph Conrad, The question is not how to get cured, but how to live. It is quality of life that is most important.

Symptoms Of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinsons Foundation: Infographic  New Study Shows 1.2 ...

These common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease often begin gradually and progress over time:

  • Shaking or tremor
  • Poor posture
  • Slowing of body movements

As the disease continues to progress, additional symptoms can occur such as slurred or soft speech, trouble chewing and/or swallowing, memory loss, constipation, trouble sleeping, loss of bladder control, anxiety, depression, inability to regulate body temperature, sexual dysfunction, decreased ability to smell, restless legs and muscle cramps.

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The Impact Of Parkinsons Disease On Overall Health

Based on the Blue Cross Blue Shield Health Index, the overall health of those affected by Parkinsons is significantly lower than the general population. In 2017, the average BCBS Health Index for someone aged 30-64 with Parkinsons was 57, compared to 88 for the entire commercially insured population in this age range. This translates to an average of 10.7 years of healthy life lost for those with the condition compared to 3.4 years for the 30-64 population as a whole.4

Caring for someone with Parkinsons Disease

The majority of Parkinsons patients are cared for by informal caregivers, such as a family member. The physical, mental and emotional work this requires can be significant. The Impact of Caregiving on Mental and Physical Health found that caregivers have 26% poorer health compared to a benchmark population, as measured by the BCBS Health Index. In addition, a national survey conducted by the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association found that 1 in 4 unpaid caregivers are feeling more stress trying to balance work and family due to COVID-19.5

Causes Of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is caused by a loss of nerve cells in part of the brain called the substantia nigra. This leads to a reduction in a chemical called dopamine in the brain.

Dopamine plays a vital role in regulating the movement of the body. A reduction in dopamine is responsible for many of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

Exactly what causes the loss of nerve cells is unclear. Most experts think that a combination of genetic and environmental factors is responsible.

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New Parkinsons Disease Prevalence Study

Trying to estimate the number of people living with Parkinsons disease in North America is extremely important but notoriously difficult. It is critical to know the prevalence of PD because it informs lawmakers who make decisions concerning allocation of research funds about the true impact of the disease, and it also informs public health officials who need to plan for the growing PD population. The difficulties in ascertaining this number however, lie in trying to capture every case of a highly varied disease, on a continent without a centralized medical system and without uniformity in medical care.

A newly published study on the prevalence of PD is the most comprehensive study yet to tackle this question. The study was conducted with the support of Parkinsons Foundation and consisted of five separate studies to determine the local prevalence one each in Minnesota, Hawaii, and Ontario, Canada, and two in California. The data from each study was then analyzed together and compared to US Medicare data. According to this strategy, the estimated prevalence of PD in people 45 and older is 572 per 100,000. Using the last available US Census Bureau data from 2010, the overall prevalence of PD across North America in 2010 was calculated to be 680,000. Population projections were then used to extrapolate the prevalence for the year 2020, calculated to be 930,000, and for the year 2030, calculated to be 1,238,000.

Deaths Due To Parkinsons Disease On The Rise In The Us

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According to a foundation working in the field, Parkinsons Disease affects one in every 1000000 Americans. 6000000 people die from it across the globe.

A team of scientists studied the data U.S. National Vital Statistics System had gathered. They happened to notice that almost 480,000 Americans succumbed to Parkinsons disease in the time period of 1999-2019.

The risk of death due to this condition increased 2.4% with every passing year in those two decades. It remained the same irrespective of gender or ethnicity. The trend remained the same both in the urban and rural populations across all States in the country.

This consistent increase came to such an extent that among 100000 every nine Americans were ill with the disease by 2019. 20 years earlier, the trend was five deaths for each 100000 Americans.

While the risk continued to go higher, men seemed more vulnerable when compared with women.

It increased to double the deaths among men than the same among women in 2019.

The level of estrogen is higher among women. That, according to experts, may boost motor control protecting them from this incurable condition.

The number of deaths among whites was the highest among different ethnicities 9.7 for every 100000 patients with Hispanics just behind 6.5% among 100000. Among the black people, it was 4.7% among the blacks.

The team observed that the higher instances of the condition came to notice among the whites because they have greater access to healthcare.

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Mortality From Parkinsons Disease

With treatment, the life expectancy of people with PD is similar to that of the general population. However, dementia seems to largely impact life expectancy among people with PD, and about 50 percent to 80 percent of people with PD develop dementia in their lifetime. Risk factors for mortality include later age of onset, male sex, severity of motor impairment, presence of psychotic symptoms, and dementia. Early detection of disease, prevention of motor symptom progression, and treatment of dementia can increase life expectancy.8,9

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Detecting: Parkinsons: Disease: With: Xgboost

Detect the presence of Parkinsons Disease in individuals using various factors. We used an XGBClassifier for this and made use of the sklearn library to prepare the dataset.This gives us an accuracy of 94.87%, which is great considering the number of lines of code in this python project.

What is Parkinsons Disease?

Parkinsons disease is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system affecting movement and inducing tremors and stiffness.It has 5 stages to it and affects more than 1 million individuals every year in India. This is chronic and has no cure yet. It is a neurodegenerative disorderaffecting dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.

What is XGBoost?

XGBoost is a new Machine Learning algorithm designed with speed and performance in mind. XGBoost stands for eXtreme Gradient Boosting and is based on decision trees.In this project, we will import the XGBClassifier from the xgboost library this is an implementation of the scikit-learn API for XGBoost classification.

Detecting Parkinsons Disease with XGBoost Objective:To build a model to accurately detect the presence of Parkinsons disease in an individual.

Dataset for Python Machine Learning Project:Youll need the UCI ML Parkinsons dataset for this you can download it here.The dataset has 24 columns and 195 records and is only 39.7 KB.

Prerequisites:

Youll need to install the following libraries with pip:

pip install numpy pandas sklearn xgboost

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Race/sex Demographics Of Parkinson Disease

The mean age-standardized prevalence of Parkinson disease from 1995, and 20002005 was highest among White men and lowest among Asian women .3). The mean age-standardized prevalence of Parkinson disease in Blacks and Asians was approximately 50% lower than the prevalence in Whites, with crude prevalence ratios of 0.58 and 0.62 , respectively, as compared to Whites. Parkinson disease incidence also varied by race, but not as markedly in Blacks, who had a crude incidence ratio of 0.74 .3). The incidence ratio for Asians was similar to the prevalence ratio . The age-standardized prevalence and incidence were greater in men than in women for all races, with a mean prevalence sex ratio of 155 males per 100 females and a mean incidence sex ratio of 146 males per 100 females.

How Parkinsons Disease Affects The Brain

New Numbers in on Parkinson

What makes Parkinsons disease distinctive from other movement disorders is that cell loss occurs in a very specific region of the brain called the substantia nigra . The nerve cells, or neurons, in this region actually appear dark under a microscope .

Those dark neurons produce a specific type of neurotransmitter called dopamine. The neurotransmitter dopamine helps to regulate movement. This loss of dopamine is the reason that many treatments for Parkinsons Disease are intended to increase dopamine levels in the brain. Future research will hopefully tell us more about alpha-synuclein. Learn more about APDA research initiatives here.

In addition to decreases in dopamine and the cells that make dopamine, you might also read or hear about alpha-synuclein . We do not yet know what this protein does in the healthy brain, but in Parkinsons disease it clumps up in what are called Lewy bodies. Researchers believe that alphasynuclein build-up contributes to the cause of Parkinsons disease and that it may be possible to develop new treatments based on this idea.

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Other Studies Of Interest

Three high-quality papers were found but not included in the meta-analysis as they did not report age- and gender-specific incidence rates or proportions. These studies provided information on Asian and Eastern European populations that were not well represented in the meta-analysis.

Das et al. was the only study that examined PD in a south Asian Indian population, reporting average annual incidence rates for males and females in different age categories. AAIRs peaked earlier for males, than females. Male AAIRs peaked at 60-69 years female AAIRs continued to rise in 70-79 years before dropping off in the 80+ age group. Hristova et al. and Kyrozis et al. both provided incidence rates not stratified by gender and age and therefore could not be included in the meta-analysis. Both represented unique European populations and found peak incidence between 70 and 80 years.

Prevalence/incidence Of Parkinson Disease In The Us

The mean prevalence of Parkinson disease per 100,000 Medicare beneficiaries over age 65 from 1995, and 20002005 was 1,588.43 or approximately 1.6% of the elderly population. The mean annual incidence from 2002 to 2005 was 445.79 . The mean prevalence of Parkinson disease steadily increased with age, with no apparent plateau, from 553.52 between ages 6569, to 2,948.93 per 100,000 at ages 85 and above. Similarly, mean Parkinson disease incidence also appears to increase with age, from 124.22 between ages 6569 to 970.19 among those greater than 85 years of age. The incidence and prevalence of Parkinson disease have remained stable over the 10-year period from 1995 to 2005 .

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Environmental Factors And Exposures

Exposure to pesticides and a history of head injury have each been linked with PD, but the risks are modest. Never having smoked cigarettes, and never drinking caffeinated beverages, are also associated with small increases in risk of developing PD.

Low concentrations of urate in the blood is associated with an increased risk of PD.

Drug-induced parkinsonism

Different medical drugs have been implicated in cases of parkinsonism. Drug-induced parkinsonism is normally reversible by stopping the offending agent. Drugs include:

Geographic Distribution Of Parkinson Disease In The Us

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The incidence and prevalence of Parkinson disease varied significantly across the United States. Disease rates were highest in the Midwest and Northeast regions, where the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson disease were 210 times greater than the rates of many Western and Southern US counties. The median relative risk and interquartile relative risk indicated that the spatial variations of the incidence and prevalence were considerable .

County level age- and race-standardized incidence of Parkinson disease among Medicare beneficiaries in the United States .

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Symptoms Of Parkinsons Disease

Parkinson’s disease has four main symptoms:

  • Tremor in hands, arms, legs, jaw, or head
  • Stiffness of the limbs and trunk
  • Slowness of movement
  • Impaired balance and coordination, sometimes leading to falls

Other symptoms may include depression and other emotional changes difficulty swallowing, chewing, and speaking urinary problems or constipation skin problems and sleep disruptions.

Symptoms of Parkinsons and the rate of progression differ among individuals. Sometimes people dismiss early symptoms of Parkinson’s as the effects of normal aging. In most cases, there are no medical tests to definitively detect the disease, so it can be difficult to diagnose accurately.

Early symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are subtle and occur gradually. For example, affected people may feel mild tremors or have difficulty getting out of a chair. They may notice that they speak too softly, or that their handwriting is slow and looks cramped or small. Friends or family members may be the first to notice changes in someone with early Parkinson’s. They may see that the person’s face lacks expression and animation, or that the person does not move an arm or leg normally.

People with Parkinson’s often develop a parkinsonian gait that includes a tendency to lean forward, small quick steps as if hurrying forward, and reduced swinging of the arms. They also may have trouble initiating or continuing movement.

The Facts About Parkinsons Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurogenerative disease that causes nerve cells in the area of the brain that controls movement to weaken and/or die. While healthy neurons produce a chemical called dopamine, which the brain needs a certain amount of in order to regulate movement, weakened neurons produce lower levels of dopamine. What causes these neurons to weaken is currently unknown.

Some patients with Parkinson’s disease also suffer from a decline in norepinephrine, a chemical that transmits signals across nerve endings and controls various functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate.

More than 10 million people worldwide are currently living with Parkinson’s disease and nearly one million will be living with the disease in the United States this year, according to the Parkinson’s Foundation.

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Discuss The Latest Research In The Parkinsons News Today Forums

All individuals ages 45 and older who participated in the five cohort studies in California, Minnesota, Hawaii, and Ontario, Canada, were included in the calculations.

The overall estimated prevalence of Parkinsons disease in the U.S. population, according to the 2010 census, was 572 per 100,000. These estimates were higher in men than in women , and values rose with age in both genders.

Data indicated that in 2010 about 680,000 individuals in the U.S. ages 45 and older had been diagnosed with the disease. Given the projected future growth of the population, the researchers predicted this number will rise to 930,000 cases in 2020, and to 1,238,000 by 2030.

Geographical analysis of the data showed that, for all regions except Olmsted County, Minnesota, and Northern California, the estimated numbers were in accordance with those retrieved from the Medicare database. For Olmsted County, 14-27% more cases of Parkinsons were identified in the study than in the Medicare data. In Northern California, the study indicated 30% more Parkinsons cases than in the Medicare data.

This finding suggests regional variation deserves to be studied so researchers can understand if variations result from differences in susceptibility to the disease or in access to or utilization of healthcare services, the authors wrote.

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